After initial exchange of fire, British fleet withdrew to just beyond range of Fort McHenry’s cannons and continued to bombard American redoubts for next 27 hours.British fleet of some nineteen ships began pounding fort with Congreve rockets and mortar shells.Their defense was augmented by sinking of a line of American merchant ships at adjacent entrance to Baltimore Harbor in order to further thwart passage of British ships.At Fort McHenry, about 1,000 soldiers under command of Major George Armistead awaited British naval bombardment.At 3 AM on September 14, 1814, British troops were ordered to return to ships.After discussion with lower ranking officers, Brooke decided British should bombard fort instead of risk a frontal assault.Brooke's forces managed to outflank and overrun American positions to right.British infantry had not anticipated how well defended they would be.Once British took outer defenses, inner defenses became priority.Few ships were still able to provide artillery support.defenders at Fort McHenry successfully stopped British navel forces Defenses were far stronger than British anticipatedīattle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)(cont.).American line was defended by 100 cannons and more than 10,000 regular troops.British began probing actions on Baltimore’s inner defenses.Arthur Brooke established new headquarters about two miles northeast of Hampstead Hill. troops to retreat to main defensive line around the city About 4,300 British troops advanced north on North Point Road, then west along Philadelphia Road toward Baltimore.Dug to defend Eastern approach toBaltimore against British.Rodgers Bastion, located on Hampstead Hill, was centerpiece of a 3-mile-wide earthworks from outer harbor in Canton.British succeeded in driving American militia back.British army now under command of Colonel Arthur Brooke.Ross killed in second shift of American defense by an American sharpshooter.General Stricker was to stall British invasion force in order to delay British advance long enough for Major General Smith to complete defenses in Baltimore.Dispatched roughly 3,000 men to meet the British in a forward engagementīattle of Baltimore (North Point)(cont.).Major General Samuel Smith commanded Baltimore.Marched toward Baltimore, but met heavy resistance at the Battle of North Point.This inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner.Guarded Baltimore's harbor, but unable to seize it.Cochrane's forces bombarded Fort McHenry.Admiral Cochrane sought to invade Baltimore.British burned the Capitol, White House, and most of the nonresidential Washington.General William Winder attempted to stop British forces On Mid-Atlantic Coast, British troops landed in Chesapeake Bay area in 1814.Britain was at war with France, so they were preoccupied and multitasking.Inexperienced American soldiers pushed back rapidly.Initial battles in Canada not as easy as War Hawks hoped.Cut off British supply lines to Tecumseh's Indian confederation.Possible American interest in annexing British North America territory (part of modern-day Canada.Outrage over insults to national honor after humiliations on the high seas.British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion.Theimpressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy.Trade restrictions brought about by Britain's continuingwar with France.Battle of Baltimore North Point Hampstead Hill Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key Making of the Flag Table of Contents Meaning of the Flag The Pledge of Allegiance Evolution of the Song Psalm of Americanism Influence of the Song Original Lyrics Modified Lyrics Questions Bibliography Declaration of War War of 1812 Burning in Washington D.C. The Star Spangled Banner Amanda Burchell, Mike DePalma, Lisa Maeyer, Troy Ohntrup, Marissa Wegfahrt
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